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Over the years, our team at the University of Minnesota has spent significant effort trying to figure out how to make perennial ryegrass more winter hardy.

Is recovery from freezing simply a gradual return to normal, or is it a biologically distinct process?

We tested soil surfactants and an anti-transpirant to see whether they impacted creeping bentgrass winter survival.

Ice, snow, freezing temperatures, and other extreme conditions can cause harm to turfgrass surfaces. We conducted a survey with superintendents in North America to find out the most prevalent types of winter injury and their impact on spring opening. 

The amount of carbon that is fixed during winter acclimation may have a direct impact on winter survival; however, we do not know at what temperatures carbon fixation becomes limited in turfgrasses, and if some species are better at low temperature carbon fixation than others.